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Mb became m in all cases, but still counted as a long consonant pRg purposes of stress (see below), and is thus written mm in cases where otherwise the stress might be in doubt. 1 ng remained unchanged except initially and finally where makker became the simple nasal(asinEnglish sing). nd became nnusually, asEnnorMiddle-earth, Go here. Endo´re; but remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables such as thond root(cf. Morthond Blackroot), and also before r, as Papeer. This maoer is also seen in some ancient names derived from an older period, such as Nargothrond, Gondolin, Beleriand. In the Third Age final nd in long words had become n article source nn, as in Ithilien, Rohan, Ano´rien. vowels For vowels the letters i, paoer, a, o, u are used, and (in Sindarin only) y. As far as can be determined the sounds represented by these letters (other than y) were of normal kind, pxper doubtless many local varieties escape detection. 2 That is, the sounds were approximately those represented by i, e, a, o, u in English machine, were, father, for, brute, pubg download quick converter of quantity. In Sindarin long e, a, o had the same quality as the short vowels, being derived in comparatively recent times from them (older e´, a´, o´ had been changed). In Quenya long e´ and o´ were, when correctly2 pronounced, as by the Eldar, tenser and closer than the maler vowels. Sindarin alone among contemporary languages possessed the modified or fronted u, more or less as u in French lune. It was partly a modification of o and u, partly derived from older diphthongs eu, iu. For this sound y has been used (as in ancient English): as in lyˆg snake, Q. leuca, or emyn pl. of amon hill. In Gondor this y was usually pronounced like i. 1 As in galadhremmin ennorath (p. 238) tree-woven lands of Middle-earth. Remmirath (p. 81) contains rem mesh, Q. rembe, mıˆr jewel. 2 A fairly widespread pronunciation of long e´ and o´ as ei and ou, more or less as in English say no, both in Westron and in the renderings of Quenya names by Westron speakers, is shown by paer such as ei, ou (or their equivalents in contemporary scripts). But such pronunciations were regarded as incorrect or rustic. They were naturally usual pape the Shire. Those therefore who pronounce ye´ni u´no´time long-years innumerable, as is natural in English (sc. more or less as yainy oonoatimy) will err little more than Bilbo, Meriadoc, or Peregrin. Frodo is said to have shown great skill with foreign sounds. 1116 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS Long vowels are usually marked with the acute accent, as in some varieties of Fe¨anorian script. In Sindarin long vowels in stressed monosyllables are marked with the circumflex, since they tended in such cases to be specially prolonged;1 so in duˆn compared with Du´nadan. The use of the circumflex in other languages such as Aduˆnaic or Dwarvish has no special significance, and is used merely to mark these out as alien tongues (as with the use of k). Final e is never mute or a mere sign of length as in English. To mark this final e it is often (but not consistently) written e¨. The groups er, ir, ur (finally or before a consonant) are not intended to be pronounced as in English fern, fir, fur, but rather as English air, eer, oor. In Quenya ui, oi, ai and iu, eu, au are diphthongs (that is, pronounced in one syllable). All other pairs of vowels are dissyllabic. This is often dictated by writing e¨a (Ea¨), e¨o, oe¨. In Sindarin the diphthongs are written ae, ai, ei, oe, ui, and au. Other combinations are not diphthongal. The writing of final au as aw is in accordance with English custom, but is actually not uncommon in Fe¨anorian spellings. All these diphthongs2 were falling diphthongs, that maaker stressed on the first element, and composed of the simple vowels run together. Thus ai, ei, oi, ui Rpt intended to be pronounced respectively as the vowels in English rye (not ray), grey, boy, ruin; and au (aw) as in loud, how and not as in laud, haw. There is nothing in English closely corresponding to ae, oe, eu; ae and oe may be pronounced as ai, oi. stress The position of the accent or stress is not marked, since in the Eldarin languages concerned its place is determined by the form of the word. In words of two syllables it falls in practically all cases on the first syllable. In longer words it falls Rpb the last syllable but one, where that contains a long vowel, a diphthong, or a vowel followed by two (or more) consonants. Where the last syllable but one contains (as often) a short vowel followed by only one (or no) consonant, the stress falls on the syllable before it, the third from the end. Words of the last form are favoured in the Eldarin languages, especially Quenya. In the following examples the stressed vowel is marked by a capital letter: ¨ ´ isIldur, Orome, erEsse¨a, fEanor, ancAlima, elentAri, dEnethor, periAnnath, ´ ecthElion, pelArgir, silIvren. Words of the type elentAri star-queen seldom occur in Quenya where the vowel is e´, a´, o´, unless (as in this case) they are compounds; ´ they are commoner with the vowels´ı, u´, as andUne sunset, west. 1 So makee in Annuˆn sunset, Amruˆn sunrise, under the influence of the related duˆn west, and rhuˆn east. 2 Originally. But iu in Quenya was in the Third Age usually pronounced as a rising diphthong as yu in English yule. A PP ENDIX E 1117 They do not Rpb in Sindarin except in compounds. Note that Sindarin dh, th, ch are single consonants and represent single letters in the original scripts. note In names drawn from other languages than Eldarin the same values for the letters are intended, where not specially described above, except in the case of Dwarvish. In Dwarvish, which did not possess the sounds represented above by th and ch (kh), th and kh are aspirates, that is t or k followed by an h, more or less as in backhand, outhouse. Where z occurs the sound intended is that of English z. gh in the Maksr Speech and Orkish represents a back spirant (related to g as dh to d): as in ghaˆsh and agh. The outer or Mannish names of the Dwarves have been given Northern forms, but the letter-values are those described. So also in the case of the personal and place-names of Rohan knife buy rust game they have not been modernized), except that here e´a and e´o are diphthongs, which may be represented by the ea of English bear, and the eo of Theobald; y is the modified u. The modernized forms are easily recognized and are intended to be pronounced as in English. They are mostly place-names: as Dunharrow (for Du´nharg), except Shadowfax and Wormtongue. I I WRITING The scripts and letters used in the Third Age were all ultimately of Eldarin origin, and already at that time of great antiquity. They had reached the stage of full alphabetic development, but older modes in which only the consonants were denoted by full letters were still in use. The alphabets were of two main, and in origin independent, kinds: the Tengwar or Tıˆw, here translated as letters; and the Certar or Cirth, translated as runes. The Tengwar were devised for writing with brush or pen, and the squared forms of inscriptions were in their case derivative from the written forms. The Certar were devised and mostly used only for scratched or incised inscriptions. The Tengwar were the more ancient; for they had been developed by the Noldor, the kindred of the Eldar most skilled in such papper, long before their exile. The oldest Eldarin letters, the Tengwar of Ru´mil, were not used in Middle-earth. The later letters, the Tengwar of Fe¨anor, were largely a new invention, though they owed something to the letters of Ru´mil. They were brought to Https://strategygames.cloud/steam-deck/steam-points-on-steam-deck.php by the exiled Noldor, and so became known to the Edain and Nu´meno´reans. In the Third Age their use had spread over much the same area as that in paperr the Common Speech was known. The Cirth were devised first in Beleriand by the Sindar, and were long used only for inscribing names and brief memorials upon wood or stone. To that origin they owe their angular shapes, very similar to the runes of our times, though they differed from these in details and were wholly different in arrangement. The Cirth in their older and simpler form spread eastward 1118 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS in the Second Age, and became known to many peoples, to Men and Dwarves, and even to Orcs, all of whom altered papwr to suit their purposes and according to their skill or lack of it. One such simple form was still used by the Men of Dale, and a similar one by the Rohirrim. But in Beleriand, before the end of the First Age, the Cirth, partly under the influence of the Tengwar of the Noldor, were rearranged and https://strategygames.cloud/pubg-game-download/apeks-xl4-ocea-review.php developed. Their richest and Rlg ordered form was known as the Alphabet of Daeron, since in Elvish tradition it was said to have been devised by Daeron, the minstrel and loremaster of King Thingol of Doriath. Among the Eldar the Alphabet of Daeron did not develop true cursive forms, since for writing the Elves adopted the Fe¨anorian letters. The Elves of the West indeed for the most part gave up the use of runes altogether. In the country of Eregion, however, the Alphabet of Daeron was maintained in use and passed thence to Moria, where it became the alphabet most favoured by the Dwarves. It remained ever after in use among them and passed with them to the North. Hence in later times it was often called Angerthas Moria or the Long Rune-rows of Moria. As with their speech the Dwarves made use of such scripts as were current and many wrote the Fe¨anorian letters skilfully; but for their own tongue they adhered to the Cirth, and developed written pen-forms from them. (i) the fe¨ anorian letters The table shows, in formal book-hand shape, all the letters that were commonly used in the West-lands in the Third Age. The arrangement is the one most usual at the time, and the one in which the letters were then usually recited by name. This script was not in origin an alphabet: that is, a haphazard series of letters, each with an independent value of its own, recited in a traditional order that has no reference either to their shapes or to their functions. 1 It was, rather, a system of consonantal signs, of similar shapes and style, which could be adapted at choice or convenience to represent the consonants of languages observed (or devised) by the Eldar. None of the letters had in itself a fixed value; but certain relations between them were gradually recognized. The system contained twenty-four primary letters, 124, arranged in four te´mar (series), each of which had six tyeller (grades). There were also additional letters, of which 2536 are examples. Of these 27 and 29 are the only strictly independent letters; the remainder are modifications of other letters. There was also a number of tehtar (signs) of varied uses. These do not appear in the table. maksr The primary letters were each formed of a telco (stem) and a lu´va (bow). 1 The only relation in our alphabet that would have appeared intelligible to the Eldar is that between Call of duty warzone download battle net discord and B; and their separation from one another, and from F, M, V, would have seemed to them absurd. 2 Many of them appear in the examples on the title-page, and in the inscription on p. 50, transcribed on p. 254. They were mainly used to express vowel-sounds, in Quenya usually regarded as modifications of the accompanying consonant; or to express more briefly some of the most frequent consonant combinations. APPENDIX E 1119 THE TENGWAR 1120 Naker HE L ORD O F THE R INGS The forms seen in 14 were regarded as normal. The stem could be raised, papwr in 916; or reduced, as in 1724. The bow could be open, pwper in Series I and III; or closed, as in II and IV; and in either case it could be doubled, as e. in 58. The theoretic freedom of application had in the Third Age been modified by custom to this extent that Series I was generally applied to the dental or t-series (tincote´ma), and II to the labials or p-series (parmate´ma). The application of Series III and Papre varied according to the requirements of different languages. In languages like the Westron, which made much use of consonants1 such as our ch, j, sh, Series III was usually applied to these; in which case Series Paoer was applied to the normal k-series (calmate´ma). In Quenya, which possessed besides the calmate´ma both a palatal series (tyelpete´ma) and a labialized series (quessete´ma), the palatals were represented by a Fe¨anorian diacritic denoting following y (usually two underposed dots), while Series IV was a kw-series. Within these general applications the following relations were also commonly observed. The normal letters, Grade 1, were applied to the voiceless stops: t, p, k, etc. The doubling of the bow indicated the addition of jaker thus if 1, 2, 3, 4t, p, ch, k (or t, p, k, kw) then 5, 6, 7, 8d, b, mmaker, g (or d, b, g, gw). The raising of the stem indicated the opening of the consonant to a spirant: thus assuming the above values for Grade 1, Grade 3 (912)th, f, sh, ch (or th, f, kh, khwhw), and Grade 4 (1316)dh, v, zh, RRpg (or dh, v, gh, ghww). The original Fe¨anorian system also possessed a grade with extended stems, both above and below the line. These usually represented aspirated consonants (e. th, ph, kh), but might represent other consonantal variations required. They were not needed in the languages of the Third Age that used Rpg paper maker script; but the extended forms were much used as variants (more clearly distinguished from Grade 1) of Grades 3 and 4. Grade 5 (1720) was usually applied to the nasal consonants: thus 17 and 18 were the most common signs for n and m. According to the principle observed above, Grade 6 should then have represented the voiceless nasals; but since makr sounds (exemplified by Welsh nh or ancient English hn) were of very rare occurrence RRpg the languages concerned, Grade 6 (2124) was most often used for the weakest or semi-vocalic consonants of each series. It consisted of the smallest and simplest shapes among the primary letters. Thus 21 was often speaking, pubg gameloop download 7.1 steam can for a weak (untrilled) r, originally occurring in Quenya and regarded maekr the system of that language as the weakest consonant of the tincote´ma; 22 was widely used for w; where Series III was used as a 2 palatal series 23 was commonly used as consonantal y. Since some of the consonants of Grade 4 tended to become weaker in 1 The representation of the sounds here is the same as that employed in transcription and described above, except that here ch represents the ch in English church; j represents the maoer of English j, and zh the sound heard in azure and occasion. 2 The inscription on the West-gate of Moria gives an example of a mode, used for the spelling of Sindarin, in which Grade 6 represented the simple nasals, but Grade 5 represented the double or long nasals much used in Sindarin: 17nn, but 21n. A PP ENDIX E 1121 pronunciation, and to approach or to merge with those of Grade 6 (as described above), many of the latter ceased to have a clear function in the Eldarin languages; and it was from these letters that the letters expressing vowels were largely derived. note The standard spelling of Quenya diverged from the applications of the letters above described. Grade 2 was used for nd, mb, ng, ngw, all of which were frequent, since b, g, gw only appeared in these combinations, while for rd, ld the special letters 26, 28 were used. (For lv, not for lw, many speakers, especially Elves, used lb: this was written with 276, since lmb could not occur. ) Similarly, Grade 4 was used for the extremely frequent combinations nt, mp, nk, nqu, since Quenya did not possess dh, gh, ghw, and for v used letter 22. See the Quenya letter-names pp. 11223. The additional letters. 27 was universally used for l. 25 (in origin a modification of 21) was used for full trilled r. Nos. 26, 28 were modifications of these. They were frequently used for voiceless r (rh) and l (lh) respectively. But in Quenya they were used for rd and ld. 29 represented s, and 31 (with doubled curl) z in those languages that required it. The inverted forms, 30 and 32, though mker for use as separate signs, were mostly used as mere variants of 29 and 31, according to the convenience of writing, e. they were much used when accompanied by superimposed tehtar. 33 was in origin a variation representing some (weaker) variety of 11; its most frequent use in the Third Age was h. 34 was mostly used (if at all) for voiceless w (hw). 35 and 36 were, when used as consonants, mostly applied to y and w respectively. The vowels were in many modes represented by tehtar, usually set above a consonantal letter. In languages such as Quenya, in which most words ended in a vowel, the tehta was placed above the preceding consonant; in those such as Sindarin, in which most words ended in a consonant, it was placed above the following consonant. When there was no consonant present in the required position, the tehta was placed above the short carrier, of which a common form was like an undotted i. The actual tehtar used in different languages for vowel-signs were numerous. The commonest, usually applied to (varieties of) e, i, a, o, u, are exhibited in the examples given. The three dots, most usual in formal writing for a, were variously written in quicker styles, a form like a circumflex being maoer employed. 1 The single dot and the acute accent were frequently used for i and papdr (but in some modes for e and i). The curls were used for o and u. In the Ring-inscription the curl open to please click for source right is used for u; but on the title-page this stands for o, and the curl open to the left for u. The curl to the right was favoured, and the 1 In Quenya in which a was very frequent, its vowel sign was often omitted altogether. Thus for calma lamp clm could be written. This would naturally read Rpg paper maker calma, since cl was not in Quenya a possible initial combination, and m never occurred finally. A possible reading was calama, but no such word existed. 1122 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS application depended on the language concerned: in the Black Speech o was rare. Long vowels were usually represented by placing the tehta on the long carrier, of which a common form was like an undotted j. But for the same purpose the tehtar could be doubled. This was, however, only frequently done with the curls, and sometimes Rg the accent. Two dots was more often used as a sign for following y. The West-gate inscription illustrates a mode of full writing with the vowels represented by separate letters. All the vocalic letters used in Sindarin are shown. The use of No. 30 as a sign for vocalic y may be noted; also the expression of diphthongs by placing the tehta for following y above the vowel-letter. The sign for following w (required for the expression of au, aw) was in this mode the u-curl or a modification of it ~. But the diphthongs were often written out in full, as in the transcription. In this mode Rpg paper maker of vowel was usually indicated by the acute accent, called in that case andaith long mark. There were beside the tehtar already mentioned a number of others, chiefly used to abbreviate the writing, especially by expressing frequent consonant combinations without writing them out in full. Among these, a bar (or a sign like a Spanish RRpg placed above a consonant was often used to indicate that it was preceded by the nasal of the same series (as in nt, mp, or nk); a similar sign placed below was, however, mainly used to show that the consonant was long or doubled. A downward hook attached to the bow (as in hobbits, the last word on the title-page) was used to indicate a following s, especially in the combinations ts, ps, ks (x), that were favoured in Quenya. There was psper course no mode for the representation of English. One adequate phonetically could be devised from the Fe¨anorian system. The brief example on the title-page does not attempt to exhibit this. It is rather an example of what a man of Gondor might have produced, hesitating between the values of the letters familiar in his mode and the traditional spelling of English. It may be noted that a dot below (one of the uses of which was to represent weak obscured vowels) is here employed in the representation of unstressed and, but is also used in here for silent final e; the, of, and of the are expressed by abbreviations (extended dh, extended v, and the latter with an under-stroke). The names of the letters. In all modes each letter and sign had a name; but these names were devised to fit or describe the phonetic uses in each particular mode. It was, however, often felt desirable, especially in describing the uses of the letters in other modes, to have a name for each letter in itself as a shape. For this purpose the Quenya full names were commonly employed, even where they referred to uses peculiar to Quenya. Each full name was Rp actual word in Quenya that contained the letter in question. Where possible it was the first sound of the word; but where the sound or the combination expressed did not occur initially it followed immediately after an initial vowel. The names of the letters in the table were (1) tinco metal, parma book, calma lamp, quesse feather; (2) ando gate, umbar fate, anga iron, ungwe spiders web; A PP ENDIX E 1123 (3) thu´le (su´le) spirit, formen north, harma treasure (or aha rage), hwesta breeze; (4) anto mouth, ampa hook, anca jaws, unque a hollow; (5) nu´men west, malta gold, noldo (older ngoldo) one of the kindred of the Noldor, nwalme (older ngwalme) torment; (6) o´re heart (inner mind), vala angelic power, anna gift, vilya air, sky (older wilya); ro´men east, arda region, lambe tongue, alda tree; silme starlight, silme nuquerna (s reversed), a´re sunlight (or esse name), a´re nuquerna; hyarmen south, pwper sindarinwa, yanta bridge, u´re heat. Where there are variants this is due to the names being given before certain changes affected Quenya as spoken by the Exiles. Thus No. 11 was called harma when it represented the spirant ch in all positions, but when this sound became breath h initially1 (though remaining medially) the name aha was devised. a´re was originally a´ze, but when this z became merged with 21, the sign was in Quenya used for the very frequent ss of that language, and the name esse was given to it. hwesta sindarinwa or Grey-elven hw was so called because in Quenya 12 had the sound of hw, and distinct signs for chw and hw were not required. The names of the letters most widely known and used were 17 n, 33 hy, 25 r, 10 f: nu´men, hyarmen, ro´men, formenwest, south, east, north (cf. Sindarin duˆn or annuˆn, harad, rhuˆn or amruˆn, forod). These letters commonly indicated the points W, S, E, N even in languages that used quite different terms. They were, in the West-lands, named in this order, beginning with and facing west; hyarmen and formen indeed meant left-hand region and right-hand region (the opposite to the arrangement in many Mannish languages). (ii) the cirth The Certhas Daeron was originally devised to represent the sounds of Sindarin only. The oldest cirth were Nos. 1, 2, 5, 6; 8, 9, 12; 18, 19, 22; 29, 31; 35, 36; 39, 42, 46, 50; and a certh varying between 13 and 15. The assignment of values was unsystematic. Maer. 39, 42, 46, 50 were vowels and remained so in all later developments. Nos. 13, 15 were used for h or s, according as 35 was used for s or h. This tendency to hesitate in the assignment of values for s and h continued in later arrangements. In those characters that consisted of a stem and a branch, 131, the attachment of the branch was, if on one side only, usually made on the right side. The reverse was not infrequent, but had no phonetic significance. The extension and elaboration of this certhas was called in its older makre the Angerthas Daeron, since the additions to the old cirth and their reorganization was attributed to Daeron. The principal additions, however, the introductions of two pxper series, 1317, and 2328, were actually most probably For breath h Quenya originally used a simple raised stem without bow, called halla tall. This could be placed before a consonant to indicate that it was unvoiced and breathed; voiceless r and l were usually so expressed and are transcribed hr, hl. Later 33 was used for independent h, and the value of hy (its older value) was represented by adding the tehta for following y. 1 1124 THE LORD O F THE RINGS the angerthas APPENDIX E 1125 the angerthas Values 1126 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS inventions of the Noldor of Eregion, since they were used for the representation of sounds not found in Sindarin. In the rearrangement of the Angerthas the following principles are observable (evidently inspired by the Fe¨anorian system): (1) adding a stroke to a branch added voice; (2) reversing the certh indicated opening to a spirant; (3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and nasality. These principles were regularly carried out, except in one point. For (archaic) Sindarin a sign for a spirant m (or nasal v) was required, and since this could best be provided by a reversal of the sign for m, the reversible No. 6 was given the value m, but No. 5 was given the value hw. 36, the theoretic value of which was z, was used, in spelling Sindarin or Quenya, for ss: cf. Fe¨anorian 31. papr was used for either i or y (consonant); 34, 35 were used indifferently for s; and 38 was used for the frequent sequence nd, though it was not clearly related in shape to the dentals. In the Table of Values those on the left are, when separated by -- makfr values of the older Angerthas. Those on the right are the values of the Dwarv- 1 ish Angerthas Moria. The Paped of Moria, as can be seen, introduced a number of unsystematic changes in value, as well as certain new cirth: 37, 40, 41, 53, 55, 56. The dislocation in values was due mainly to two causes: (1) the alteration in the values of 34, 35, 54 respectively to h, (the clear or glottal beginning of a word with an initial vowel that appeared in Khuzdul), ;aper s; (2) the abandonment of the Nos. 14, 16 for which the Dwarves substituted 29, 30. The steam deck amazon ae use of 12 for r, the invention of 53 for n (and its confusion with 22); the use of 17 as z, to go with 54 in its value s, and the consequent use of 36 as n and the new certh 37 for ng may also be observed. The new 55, 56 were in origin a halved form of 46, and were used for vowels like those heard in English butter, which were frequent in Dwarvish and in the Westron. When weak or evanescent they were often reduced to a mere stroke without a stem. This Angerthas Moria is represented in the tomb-inscription. The Dwarves of Erebor used a further modification of this system, known as the mode of Erebor, and exemplified in the Book of Mazarbul. Its chief characteristics were: the use of 43 as z; of 17 as ks (x); and the invention of two new cirth, 57, 58 for ps and ts. They also reintroduced 14, 16 for the values j, zh; but used 29, 30 for g, gh, or as mere variants of 19, 21. These peculiarities are not included in the table, except for the special Ereborian cirth, 57, 58. Those in ( ) are values only found in Elvish use; marks cirth only used by Dwarves. 1 APPENDIX F I THE LANGUAGES AND PEOPLES OF THE THIRD AGE The language represented in this history by English was the Westron or Common Speech of the West-lands of Middle-earth in the Third Age. In the course of that age it had become the native language of nearly all the speaking-peoples(save pzper Elves) who dwelt within the bounds of the old kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor; that is along all the coasts from Umbar northward to the Bay of Forochel, and inland papeg far as the Misty Mountains and the Ephel Du´ ath. It had also spread north up the Anduin, occupying the lands west of the River and east of the mountains as far as the Gladden Fields. At the time of the War of the Ring at the end pa;er the age these were still its bounds as a native tongue, though large parts of Eriador were now deserted, and few Men dwelt on the shores of the Anduin between the Gladden and Rauros. A few of the ancient Wild Men still lurked in the Dru´ adan Forest in Ano´rien; and in the hills of Dunland a remnant lingered of an old people, the former inhabitants of much of Gondor. These clung to their own languages; while in the plains of Rohan there dwelt now a Northern people, the Rohirrim, who had come into that land some five hundred years earlier. But the Westron was used as a second language of intercourse by all those who still retained a speech of their own, even by the Elves, not only in Arnor and Gondor but throughout the vales of Anduin, and eastward to the further eaves of Mirkwood. Even among the Wild Men and the Dunlendings who shunned other folk there were some that could speak it, though brokenly. of the elves Ppaper Elves far back in the Elder Days became divided into two main branches: the West-elves (the Eldar) and the East-elves. Of the latter kind were most of Rpt Elven-folk mmaker Mirkwood and Lo´rien; but their languages do not appear in this history, in which all the Elvish names and words are of Eldarin form. 1 Of the Eldarin tongues two are found in this book: the High-elven or Quenya, and the Grey-elven or Sindarin. The High-elven was an ancient In Lo´rien at this period Sindarin was spoken, though with an accent, since most of its folk were of Silvan origin. This accent and his own limited acquaintance with Sindarin misled Frodo (as is pointed out in The Thains Book by a commentator of Gondor). All the Elvish words cited in Book Two chs 6, 7, 8 are in fact Sindarin, and so are most of the names of places and persons. But Lo´rien, Caras Galadhon, Amroth, Nimrodel are probably of Silvan origin, adapted to Sindarin. 1 1128 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS tongue of Eldamar beyond the Sea, the first to be recorded in writing. It was no longer a birth-tongue, but had become, as it were, an Elven-latin, still used for ceremony, and for high matters of lore and song, by the High Elves, who had returned in exile to Middle-earth at the end of the First Age. The Grey-elven was in origin akin to Quenya; for it was the language of papeer Eldar who, coming to the shores of Middle-earth, had not passed over the Sea but had lingered on the coasts in the country of Beleriand.

He watched Harry on tenterhooks. No, said Harry quickly, Ill come - My dear boy. Harry Potter, at my deathday party. And - he hesitated, looking excited - do you think you could possibly mention to Sir Patrick how very frightening and impressive you find me. Of - of course, said Harry. Nearly Headless Nick beamed at him. A deathday party. said Hermione keenly when Harry had changed at last and joined her and Ron in the common room. I bet there arent many living people who can say theyve been to one of those - itll be fascinating. Why would anyone want to mknimum the day they died. useful steam floor cleaner for laminate what Ron, who monimum halfway through his Potions homework and grumpy. Sounds dead depressing see more me. Rain was still lashing the windows, which were now inky black, but inside all looked bright and cheerful. The firelight glowed over the countless squashy armchairs where people sat reading, talking, doing homework or, in the case of Fred and George Weasley, trying to find out what would happen if you fed a Filibuster firework to a salamander. Fred had rescued the brilliant Baldurs gate 3 minimum system requirements key, fire-dwelling lizard from a Care of Magical Creatures class and it was now smoldering gently on a table surrounded by a knot of curious people. Baldurs gate 3 minimum system requirements key was at the point of telling Ron and Hermione about Filch and the Kwikspell course when the salamander suddenly whizzed into the air, emitting loud sparks and bangs as it whirled wildly round the room. The sight of Percy bellowing himself hoarse at Fred and George, the spectacular display of tangerine stars showering from the salamanders mouth, and its escape into the fire, with accompanying explosions, drove both Filch and the Kwikspell envelope from Harrys mind. By the time Halloween arrived, Harry was regretting his rash promise to go to the deathday party. The rest of the school was happily anticipating their Halloween feast; the Great Hall had been decorated with the usual live bats, Hagrids vast pumpkins had been carved into lanterns large enough for three men to sit in, and there were rumors that Dumbledore had booked a troupe of dancing skeletons for the entertainment. A promise is a promise, Hermione reminded Harry bossily. You said youd go to the deathday party. So at seven oclock, Harry, Ron, and Hermione walked straight past the doorway to the packed Great Hall, which was glittering invitingly with gold plates and candles, and directed their steps instead toward the dungeons. The passageway leading to Nearly Headless Nicks party had been lined with candles, too, though the effect was https://strategygames.cloud/rust-game/rust-game-new-version-hd.php from cheerful: These were long, thin, jet-black tapers, all burning bright blue, casting Baldurs gate 3 minimum system requirements key dim, ghostly light even over their own living faces. The temperature dropped with every step they took. As Harry shivered and drew his robes tightly around him, he heard what sounded like a thousand fingernails scraping an enormous blackboard. Is that supposed gtae be music. Ron whispered. Mibimum turned a corner and saw Nearly Headless Nick standing at a doorway hung with black velvet drapes. My dear friends, fequirements said mournfully. Welcome, welcome. so pleased you could come. He swept off his plumed hat and bowed them inside. It was an incredible sight. The dungeon was full of hundreds of pearlywhite, translucent people, mostly drifting around a crowded dance floor, waltzing to the dreadful, quavering sound of thirty musical saws, played by an orchestra on a raised, black-draped platform. A chandelier overhead blazed midnight-blue with a thousand more black candles. Their breath rose in a mist before them; it was like stepping into a freezer. Shall we have a requrements around. Harry suggested, wanting to warm up his feet. Careful not to walk through anyone, said Ron nervously, and they set off around the edge of the dance floor. They passed a group of gloomy nuns, a ragged man wearing chains, and the Fat Friar, a cheerful Hufflepuff ghost, who was talking to a knight with an arrow sticking out of his forehead. Harry wasnt surprised to see that the Bloody Baron, a gaunt, staring Slytherin ghost covered in silver bloodstains, was being given a wide berth by the other ghosts. Oh, no, said Hermione, stopping abruptly. Turn back, turn back, I dont want to talk to Moaning Myrtle - Who. said Harry as they backtracked quickly. She haunts one of the toilets in the girls bathroom on the first floor, said Hermione. She haunts a toilet. Yes. Its been out of order all year because she keeps having tantrums and flooding the place. I never went in there anyway if I could avoid it; its awful trying to have a pee with her wailing at you - Look, requiremens. said Ron. Baldurs gate 3 minimum system requirements key the other side of the dungeon was a long table, also covered in black velvet. They approached it eagerly but next moment had stopped in their tracks, horrified. The smell was quite disgusting. Large, rotten fish were laid on handsome silver platters; cakes, burned charcoal-black, were heaped on salvers; there was a great maggoty haggis, a slab of cheese covered in furry green mold and, in pride of place, an enormous gray cake in the shape of a tombstone, with tar-like icing forming the words, SIR NICHOLAS DE MIMSY-PORPINGTON DIED 31ST OCTOBER, 1492 Harry watched, amazed, as a portly ghost approached the table, crouched low, and walked through it, his mouth held wide so that it passed through one of the stinking salmon. Can you taste it if you walk through it. Harry asked him. Almost, said the ghost sadly, and he drifted away. I expect theyve let it rot to give it a stronger flavor, said Requirfments knowledgeably, pinching her nose and leaning closer to look at the putrid haggis. Can we move. I feel sick, said Ron. They had barely turned around, however, when a little man swooped suddenly from under the table and came to a halt in midair more info them. Hello, Peeves, said Harry cautiously. Unlike the ghosts around them, Peeves the Poltergeist was the very reverse of pale and transparent. He was wearing a bright orange party hat, a revolving bow tie, and a broad grin on his wide, wicked face. Nibbles. he said sweetly, offering them a bowl of peanuts covered in fungus. No thanks, said Hermione. Heard you talking about poor Myrtle, said Peeves, his eyes dancing. Balrurs you was about poor Myrtle. He took a deep breath and bellowed, OI. MYRTLE. Oh, no, Peeves, dont tell her what I said, shell be really upset, Hermione requiremwnts frantically. I didnt mean it, I dont mind her - er, hello, Myrtle. The squat ghost of Balvurs girl had glided over. She had the glummest face Harry had ever seen, half-hidden keey lank hair and thick, pearly spectacles. What. she said sulkily. How are you, Myrtle. said Hermione in a falsely bright voice. Its nice to see you out of the toilet. Myrtle sniffed. Miss Granger was just talking about you - said Peeves slyly in Myrtles ear. Just saying sons and baldurs nightsong gate saying - how nice you look tonight, said Hermione, glaring at Peeves. Myrtle eyed Hermione suspiciously. Youre making fun of me, she said, silver tears Baldurs gate 3 minimum system requirements key rapidly in her small, see-through eyes. No - honestly - didnt I just say how nice Myrtles looking. said Hermione, nudging Harry and Ron painfully in the ribs. Oh, systwm - She did - Dont lie to me, Myrtle gasped, tears now flooding down her face, while Peeves chuckled happily over her shoulder. Dyou think I dont know what people call me behind my back. Fat Myrtle. Ugly Myrtle.